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Nano Technology- the study of small material at the molecular and atomic level; in electronics the material, methods and processes to make ultra-small electronics.
NTSC; National Television Standards Committee- Television standards for North America and most of South America and helped transfer black and white standards to color television standards by using existing receivers. The new digital transmissions occured on June 14, 2009 as the NTSC the governing body in digital television transmissions.
NLQ; Near Letter Quality- referred to old dot-matrix printers and the quality of print as the impact of wires or pins printed the letters similar in a way manual typewriters performed. The process involved an inked ribbon to distrubite the ink and carbon copies were possible with this older technology.
NAK; Negative AcKnowledgement Character- generally is an erroneous message received meaning the receiving end of the transmission did not receive it properly and to please resend.
NetBEUI; NetBIOS Extended User Interface-
NetBIOS; Network Basic Input/Output System- provides session layer communications in the OSI (Open Systems Intercontinental model) mode.
NetWare- a network operating system owned by Novell.
Network Connection Wizard- the interface to connect to the internet through successive steps.
Network Neighborhood- superseded the older systems, My Network succeded My Network Neighborhood.
Nibble- in computer terminology and digital communications it refers to a four binary digits which is half of an eight-bit byte.
Nonimpact Printer- the new type of printers where there is no impact hammers striking a ribbon to transfer ink; the new printers are laser or inkjets.
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NMI; NonMaskable Interrupt- an Interrupt to the computer process that can not be ignored but must be immediately addressed. This is usually associated with nonrecoverable hardware errors that may shut down devices to prevent damage.
Nonvolatile Memory- physical memory that can retain data without powered being supplied to it. The memory comes in different standards such as Read Only Ram (ROM), flash drives and cards, hard drives and other types of data storage such as time cards and punch cards.
NTFS- New Technology File System- NTFS supersedes the older Microsoft file system FAT. The NT has been used since Windows 2000, including XP, Server 2003, Vista, Server 2008 and Windows 7.
NTDETECT- a part of NT system that detects the hardware during startup.
NTLDR- the boot loader for the NT system. The NT Loader generally relies on the primary hard drive but it can reside on cd-rom's, USB drives or floppy disks.
NTOSKRNL.EXE- the kernel image of the Windows NT System. A basic part of the system that is responsible for multiple systems services and contains the Cache Manager, Memory Manager, Kernel, the Executive among other functions.
NTUSER.DAT- a registry file that contains individual user's profiles.
Null Modem Cable- the RS-232 serial cable connecting two Data Transmission Equipment (DTE) for communication between a computer, printer, terminal, etc.
Odd Parity- refers to a parity bit that is the most basic form of error checking.
Off-hook- meaning a telephone is in use or a communication line is in use.
Offline- means of communication device is not live or connected.
On-hook- when a phone or device is connected and ready to communicate.
Online- signals that a device is communicating.
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Operating System (OS)- software that runs programs and data through computers. Computers running software includes desktops and laptops but also phones and other portable devices like iPads, Kindle, etc.
Optical Device- a device that analyzes light or a device that enhances the imaging for viewing. Optical devices can be anything from a microscope to refletometer to photometer to a DVD player.
Optimcal Mouse- an external peripheral device that lets computer users move a cursor on the monitor and to have other functions with the left click and right click button.
Output Device- a computer or computer device that can transmit data.
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